Axial-thrust compensator for turbines.



- H. FTTINGBR.

AXIAL THRUST GOMPBNSATOR FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION NLED NOV. 11, 1909.

1,069,406, Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

l @769,0 a SHBETSHHEML H. P'O'TTINGER. AXIAL THRUST GOMPBNSATOR FOR TURBINES. APPLICATION IILD NOV. 11, 1909.

1,069,406, Patented Aug. 5, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

/ITTP/VE YS 11. PTTINGER.

l AXIAL THRUST COMPBNSATOR FOR TUBBINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.11, 1909.

1,069,406. patented Aug. 5, 1913 wila e with `the usual pressure lcompensating means tion and can only be obtained by means of UmfrEDsTA-.rns PATENT OFFICE.

'HERMANN FTTING;ER, GF, STETTIN, ASSIGNOR TO STETTINR MASCHIN- ENBA-U A- KTIEN GESELLSCHAFT VULCAN, OF STETTIN-BREDOW, GERMANY.

' AXIM.;fmnus'r comrsnsaroa ros TURBINES.

s pecication o1' Letters Patent.

Application led November 11, T909. Serial N fo."52'?,452.`

the 'thrust of Vthe-steam or gas .upon the rotor 1.

of the motor turbine is utilized for compensating wholly or partly tor the axial hy-Q d'raulic thrust of hydraulic transmission" gea-rs connected with the motor turbine and vice versa.. possible to dispense either wholly or in part such as pressure plates, labyrinth pistons. or vthrust bearings, both Iin the steam turbinei and in the hydraulic transmission gear or at least to limit their number considerably. By dispensing with the pressure equalizing' means an industrial advantage is obtained; because the considerable loss of liquid entailed by the use of labyrinth pistons is avoided and the frietional losses in the thrust bearings are reduced.

The thrust ofthe steam due to its rapid motion has heretofore been used in the engines of ships-for the purpose of resistin or counterbalancing the propeller thrust; the present invent-ion, however, relates to a novel employment in conjunction with hydraulic gears. i y

In accordance with the invention the steam turbine and the hydraulic transmissiongear are arranged relatively to each other in such a manner that their axial pressures vare oppositely directed and wholly or partially cancel each other, which is generally not the case with their normal construc-l special pressure lcompensating means in each ofthe parts. l

The special steps by means of which this novel reciprocal compensation is produced are adopted either` in the hydraulic gear alone or in the drivingturbine alone or in both together. In .each case the arrangement must be such that the hydraulic thrust of the gear must oppose the steam thrust in the rotor rof the driving turbine and.vic'e versa.

This arrangement renders it,"V

way of example a number .of sucharrangements. In the description the term conpling end is used for that part ofthe driving turbine located on the drive side in contradistinction tothe free end of the drivinturbine. v

I igure I is a diagram showing the driving turbine as constructed in the ordinary Way; Fig; 1'h shows my invention as applied to 'a simple drum turbine; Fig. 2 is a diagram showing how the invention is used in connection with a low pressure turbine receiving steam from a high pressure turbine -or steam engine; Fig. Sprepresents another .arrangement wherebyy the invention is used in connection with'a high pressure turbine; Fig. 4 shows my invention used in such manner that the steam enters at the middle of the driving turbine; Fig. .5 shows anotherform in which' the steam issues from patented Aug-.5,191'3.

The drawings show diagrammatieally by the middle vot the driving turbine; Fig. 6 i

discloses the use of a hollow shaft i'n connection with the apparatus; Fig. 7 is a diagram showing how the invention is used in connection with the hydraulic gears on both sides of the steam turbine.; Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the distribution. of the pressure. Fig. 9 is a side elevation partly broken away and showing more in detail the construction of one form of my improved device.

In Fig. lil the driving turbine is constructed in the .ordinary way without pressure equalizing means; the admission takes place from the free end and its axial thrust is directed toward the coupling end.' In o rder to compensate for this axial thrust theprimary er driving member of the hydraulic vtransmission gear is constructed in such a manner that it produces an axial thrust directed toward the steamturbine; this is atf tained :owing to the fact that the admission to the primary wheel takes place 'from the steam turbine side. The shaft between the gear and the steamturbine is therefore under pressure. In the other-figures, 1* to 6, arrangements are shown in which the steam turbine is constructed in a specialv way. by altering the direction of iiow ofthe steam `in such a manner that the steam thrust is directed away from the hydraulic gear and the of the driving turbine andthe hydraulic ing.

gear may be -selected in such a manner that the thrust of the turbine rotor, under the action of the steam, is equal to the back thrust of the hydraulic transmission gear- Fig. 1b shows the invention as applied to a turbine as in Fig. 1, but with the difference that the hydraulic transmission gear is placed upon the opposite side of the turbine.

Fig. 2 represents `an arrangement with steam pressure compensating piston for thrusts which are not exactly balanced.

The turbine is shown at 18 and is provided with an inlet 19 and an outlet 20. The shaft appears at 21 and the hydraulic transmission gearing at 22. At 23 is the steam pressure compensating piston for equalizing thrust-S which are not otherwise exactly balanced. Connecting this piston with the turbine 18 is a pipe 18a. Fig. 2 also shows 'an example of a low pressure turbine receiving steam from any high pressure turbine or steam engine. The waste steam of the pressure equalizing piston can be utilized in the turbine forfurnishing additional further work as usual.

Fig. 3 represents an arrangement in which a high pressure turbine is 'Connected in front of the low pressure drum of a driving turbine this high pressure turbine being shown by 'way of example in the figure as a single or multiple pressure-and speed stage turbine. The steam enters at the coupling end and lflows through the whole turbine only in one direction toward the free end. The turbine 25 is provided wit-h a high pressure drum 24 having an inlet 25?. The turbine is further provided with an outlet 26 and a shaft 27. The hydraulic transmission gear is shown at 28.

In order to reduce the length of. the construction the arrangement in accordance with Fig. 4 is such that the steam .enters at the middle of the driving turbine andliows through the high pressure turbine toward the coupling end and through the low pressu-rc turbine which is formed as a drum in the opposite direction toward the free end. The turbine appears at 29 and is provided with a high pressure unit 30 having an inlet 31. The turbing outlet is shown at 32and 4the shaft at 33., The hydraulic transmission gear appears at 34. The conduction of the steam from the high pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine can be effected through the openings in the wheel disk or around it or by means similar to those shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Fig. 5 represents an arrangement in which the steam issues at the middle of the driving turbine. The steam enters the high pressure turbine at the .K free end, flows through the turbine irst toward the coupling end, is then conducted outs-ide the turbine cylinder into the low pressure turbine and flows through this turbine in the opposite direction toward the free end of the turbine. The turbine 35 is provided with a high pressure unit 36, the latter having an inlet 37. The outlet of the turbine appears at 37a. The high pressure unit 36 85 is connected to other parts of the turbine'by a pipe 39. At 40 Ais the hydraulic transmission gearing.

lFig'. 6 shows how the steam may beconducted to the low pressure turbine through `a hollow shaft. .At 41 is the turbine which contains a hollow shaft 41a. Ihe turbine is proyided with a high pressure unit 42 having an inlet 43. The turbine outlet is shown at 44 and a solid shaft at 45thisy solid shaft 95 being connected rigidly with the hollow shaft 41a. The hydraulic transmission gearing appears at 46.

Fig. 7 shows an arrangement in which hydraulic gears are arranged on both sides of the steam turbine. The turbine and the two gears are of such a size that the thrusts of the three separate units taken as a whole as nearly as possible balance each other.l The-turbine 47 is provided with an inlet 48 and an outlet 49. At 50 is the hydraulic transmission gearing.

In order to more clearly bring out the action of the various end thrusts occurring in the turbine and in the transmitter, I have shown these parts diagrammatically in Fig.

8. It will be noted that in the transmitter there is an end thrust in one direction equal to the entire cross-sectional area of the transmitter' and the reaction on the casing covers the same area but is less at the center t-han at the peripheral portion. In the turbine there is an end thrust and a reaction, ,the result-ant of which is atendency for the rotor to move toward the left.-l

In Fig. 9, I have shown more in detail, one embodiment of the same invention illustrated more diagrammatically in the other figures. The arrangement of parts is similar to 'at shown in Fig. 4, except that there is an auxiliary pressure-equalizing means employed similar to that shown in Fig. 2.

In this construction, the steam enters through an inlet 53 and passes in the direc- 130I tion of the arrow to the outlet 54. The hydraulic power transmitter includes a centrifugal pump or liquid-driving member 55, a stationary guiding casing '56 anda driven member 57. The details of'construction of this transmitter will be readily understood from an inspection of my prior application previously referred to. The action of the centrifugal pump 55 tends to pull the saine toward the left from the'position shown and tends to counteract the opposite pull of the turbine. y u

rIhe method of employing the pressure equalization described above is applicable to all kinds of hydraulic ge'ars or hydraulic couplings inacombination with all kinds-of steam turbines includino` cases where any additional relieving surfaces are provided at any place. Auxiliary thrust bearings or pressure equalizin'g pistons can be provided according to requirements for increasing the elfect but they serve only a subsidiary purpose. The auxiliary thrust bearings can be arranged at any desired part of the driving shaft. that is to say at the free end or at the coupling end for example. A number of steam turbines on a driving shaft-can be used for driving a transformer. The invention. can be advantageously applied to gas turbines of all kinds.

That I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is j l. In a power transmission system, the combination of` a turbine., a shaft connected therewith, a hydraulic transmission gear connected with said shaft and spaced'apart from said turbine, andmechanism for equalizving the iuid thrust directed against said turbine and said hydraulic transmission gear. y

2. In a power transmission system, the combination of a turbine, a hydraulic transmission gear, a shaft connected with said turbine and with said hydraulic transmis-y sion gear, and means for directing the iiow of a liquid in a direction contrary to that i of the thrust exerted bya said liquid against said turbine or against said hydraulic transmission gear.

3. In a power transmission system, a r0- tating driving turbine exerting an axial thrust while in operation, a hydraulic transmission gear exerting anaxial thrust while -in operation, means `for transmitting the rotationof said turbine to said hydraulic transmission gear, and mechanism for causing the axial thrust of said turbine to counter-balance the axial thrust of said vtransmission gear.

4. In a power transmission system, a rotating driving turbine exerting an axial thrust while in operation, a hydraulic transmission lgear exerting an axial thrustI whilein operation, means for transmitting'the rotary motion from said turbine to said transmission gear, means for directing the axial thrust of' said turbine against 'the axial thrust of said transmission gear so'that one of said axialI thrusts partially co-unter-bal-l ance the other, and means co-acting with the" tating driving turbine exerting an axial t-hrust in operation, a lhydraulic transmission gearexerting an axial thrust in operation, a. shaft for transmitting the rotation of said turbine to said hydraulic transmission gear, and means for directing one of saidthrusts against the other.

j 6. In a power transmission system, a revoluble driving member subjected while in operation to -an axial' thrust, a hydraulic transmission gear likewise subjected, while in action, to an axial thrust, a shaft for transmit-ting power from said driving member to said transmission gear, mea-ns Whereby 'one of said axial thrusts partially neutralizes thev other, and additional mechanism for completely equalizing the two axial thrusts. j

7. In a power transmission system, the combination of a turbine provided with a shaft, said shaft, while in action, being subjected to a thrust, and hydraulic transmission gears mounted upon said shaft and subjected, while in action, to a thrust contrary to the thrust first mentioned, the two thrusts being directed one against the other.

8. In a power transmission system, the combination of a turbine provided with a driving shaft subjected to an axial thrust, a hydraulic transmission gear including a revoluble member, said revoluble member being subjected to an axial thrust opposingV said rst-mentioned axial thrust and being mounted upon said drivingshaft, means for admitting a propelling Huid into said turbine at. its end nearest the hydraulic ltransmission gear, and means for admitting a propelling fluid into said revoluble member of said transmission gear at a point remote from said turbine. i l

9. Ina power `transmission system, the combination of a turbine provided with a driving shaft which is subjected,whil e said turbine is in action, to an axial thrust, a hydraulic transmission gear including a revoluble member, said revoluble member being mounted upon said shaft'and' subjected to an axial thrust contrary to said first-mentionedaxial thrust, said turbine receiving its propelling iuid at the end thereof nearest the hydraulic transmission gear, and said hydraulic transmission gear receivin 0 its fluid at the end thereof remote from said turbine, and auxiliary mechanism connected with said turbine to counterbalance a portion ofthe axial thrust thereof.

izov

10. In a owcr transmission system, a tur' bine exerting an axialV thrust, a driving shaft therefor, a hydraulic transmission gear including a driving member, s aid driving member exerting an axial thrust 4and being mounted on said drivin shaft, means for admitting a propelling uid 'into said4 'turbine at its end nearest the hydraulic,

transmission gear, means whereby the fluid in the hydraulic transmission gear enters said driving memberat its end remotest tosaid turbine, and auxiliary means to counter-- balance part of the axial thrust of its driving member.

11. In a power transmission system, a two-stage turbine comprising .high and low lpressure stages and exerting an axial thrust,

a hydraulic transmission gearincluding a driving member, said driving member exerting an axial thrust and mounted on said driving shaft, means for introducing a lpro.-

.pelling fluid into said high pressure turbine in a direction toward the .hydraulic trans- .mission gear, means for introducing said propelling H uid into said low pressure stage 1 in' a direction away from said hydraulicy transmission gear, and means whereby the;

- in presence of enters said drivin member at its end remotest to said turbine.

12. In a power Itransmission system, a

v:duid the hydraulic transmission gear,

two-stage turbine comprising'high and low pressure stages and exerting an axial thrust,

a hydraulic. transmission gear including a driving member, said :driving member exerting an axial thrust and mounted on said driving shaft, means for introducing a pro- I pellinv fluid into said high pressure ,turbine in a direction toward the hydraulic transmission gear, means for lintrodllieing said propelling fluid in'toj-sfaid low pressure stage 1n a direction away "from said hydraulic transmission gear,' means whereby the iuid in the hydraulic transmission gear .enters said dri'ving member at its end remotest to said turbiiiaiand auxiliary means connected 

